A Short History of Disease Read online

  Pontius the Deacon, The Life and Passion of Cyprian, Bishop and Martyr. Online e-text.

  Porter, Katherine Anne, Pale Horse, Pale Rider. London, Penguin: 2011.

  Porter, Roy, The Medical History of Waters and Spas. London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1990.

  _____ , (ed.), The Faber Book of Madness. London: Faber and Faber, 1991.

  _____ , The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. London: Fontana Press, 1997.

  _____ , Quacks: Fakers and Charlatans in English Medicine. Stroud: Tempus, 2000.

  _____ , Bodies Politic: Disease, Death and Doctors in Britain, 1650–1900. London: Reaktion, 2001

  _____ , The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

  _____ , Blood & Guts: A Short History of Medicine. London: Penguin, 2003.

  Porter, Roy and Rousseau, GS, Gout: The Patrician Malady. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press London, 1998.

  Preston, Richard, The Hot Zone: The Chilling True Story of an Ebola Outbreak. London: Arrow, 1994.

  Pybus, Oliver G, Lemey, Philippe et al, ‘The Early Spread and Epidemic Ignition of HIV-1 in Human Populations’, Science, 3 October 2014.

  Quammen, David, Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic. London: Vintage Books, 2013.

  _____ , Ebola: The Natural and Human History. London: The Bodley Head, 2014.

  Quétel, Claude, History of Syphilis. Translated by Judith Braddock and Brian Pike. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.

  Quinn, Tom, Flu: A Social History of Influenza. London: New Holland, 2008.

  Ranger, Terence and Slack, Paul (eds.), Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Pestilence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

  Rawcliffe, Carole, Medicine for the Soul: The Life, Death and Resurrection of an English Medieval Hospital, St Giles’s, Norwich, c.1249–1550. Stroud: Sutton, 1999.

  _____ , Medicine & Society in Later Medieval England. Stroud: Sutton, 1997.

  _____ , Leprosy in Medieval England. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2009.

  _____ , Urban Bodies: Communal Health in Late Medieval English Towns and Cities. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2013.

  Reader, John, Cities. London: Vintage, 2005.

  Redgrove, H Stanley, Alchemy Ancient and Modern. London: Rider, 1922.

  Reilly, Joanne, Belsen: The Liberation of a Concentration Camp. London: Routledge, 1997.

  Rhodes, John, The End of Plagues: The Global Battle Against Infectious Disease. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

  Richards, Peter, The Medieval Leper and his Northern Heirs. Cambridge: DS Brewer, 2000.

  Rivers, Thomas M (ed.), Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company, 1948.

  Roberts, Charlotte and Manchester, Keith, The Archaeology of Disease. 1983. 3rd ed. Stroud: History Press, 2010.

  Roberts, Charlotte & Cox, Margaret, Health & Disease in Britain: From Prehistory to the Present Day. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2003.

  Roberts, Charlotte A, Lewis, Mary E and Manchester, Keith (eds.), The Past and Present of Leprosy: Archaeological, Historical, Palaeopathological and Clinical Approaches. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2002.

  Rocco, Fiammetta, The Miraculous Fever-tree: Malaria, Medicine and the Cure that Changed the World. London: HarperCollins, 2003

  Rosebury, Theodor, Microbes and Morals: The Strange Story of Venereal Disease. New York: Viking, 1971.

  Salzberg, Steven, ‘Anti-Vaccine Movement Causes Worst Measles Epidemic In 20 Years’, Forbes, 1 February 2015.

  Saracci, Rodolfo, Epidemiology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

  Sargent, Carolyn F and Johnson, Thomas M (eds.), Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Method. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.

  Scull, Andrew, Hysteria: The Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

  _____ , Madness: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

  Shah, Sonia, The Fever: How Malaria has Ruled Humankind for 500,000 Years. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2010.

  Shilts, Randy, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1987. London: Souvenir Press, 2011.

  Shnayerson, Michael and Mark Plotkin, The Killers Within: The Deadly Rise of Drug Resistant Bacteria. London: Time Warner Books, 2003.

  Shrewsbury, JFD, A History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

  Shuttleton, David E, Smallpox and the Literary Imagination, 1660–1820. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

  Singer, PN (ed.), with Daniel Davies and Vivian Nutton, Galen: Psychological Writings. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

  Sipress, Alan, The Fatal Strain: On the Trail of Avian Flu and the Coming Pandemic. London: Penguin, 2010.

  Sivertsen, Barbara J, The Parting of the Sea: How Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Plagues Shaped the Story of Exodus. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.

  Slack, Paul, Plague: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  Smallman-Raynor, Matthew and Cliff, Andrew, War Epidemics: An Historical Geography of Infectious Diseases in Military Conflict and Civil Strife, 1850–2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  _____ , Atlas of Epidemic Britain: A Twentieth Century Picture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, Cliff, Andrew and Haggett, Peter, World Atlas of Epidemic Diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004.

  Smith, Christopher, Late Stone Age Hunters of the British Isles. London: Routledge, 1992.

  Smith, FB, ‘The Russian Influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889–1894’, Social History of Medicine, 8 (1), 1995.

  Snodgrass, Mary Ellen, World Epidemics: A Cultural Chronology of Disease from Prehistory to the Era of SARS. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003.

  Sontag, Susan, Illness as Metaphor. New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, 1978.

  _____ , AIDS and its Metaphors. London: Allen Lane, 1989.

  Speck, Reinhard S, Bubonic Plague in San Francisco. San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1977.

  Spinage, CA, Cattle Plague: A History. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003.

  Spindler, K et al (eds.), Human Mummies: A Global Survey of their Status and the Techniques of Conservation. Vienna; New York: Springer, 2006.

  Steele, Valerie, The Corset: A Cultural History. New Haven, CT ; London: Yale University Press, 2001.

  Stephens, Trent and Brynner, Rock, Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and its Revival as a Vital Medicine. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

  Stol, Marten, Epilepsy in Babylonia. Groningen: Styx Publications, 1993.

  Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, trans. Robert Graves, rev. James B Rives. London: Penguin, 2007.

  Talbot, Michael, The Holographic Universe. London: Grafton, 1991.

  Tattersall, Robert, Diabetes: The Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

  Taylor, Keith Weller, The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, London: University of California Press, 1983.

  Temkin, Owsei, The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology. Baltimore, London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971.

  Thirsk, Joan, Alternative Agriculture: A History: From the Black Death to the Present Day. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  Totaro, Rebecca, Suffering in Paradise: The Bubonic Plague in English Literature from More to Milton. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Duquesne University Press, 2005.

  Trevisanato, Siro Igino, The Plagues of Egypt: Archaeology, History and Science Look at the Bible. Gorgias Press, 2005.

  Twigg, Graham The Black Death: A Biological Reappraisal. London: Batsford Academic and Educational, 1984.

  _____ , Bubonic Plague: A Much Misunderstood Disease. Ascot: Derwent Press, 2013.

  Van Arsdall, Anne, Medieva
l Herbal Remedies: The Old English Herbarium and Anglo-Saxon Medicine. New York, London: Routledge, 2002.

  Van der Eijk, Philip J, Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  Voynich, EL & Opienski, Henryk (eds.), Chopin’s Letters. New York: Dover, 1988.

  Wagner, David M, Klunk, Jennifer, Harbeck, Michaela et al, ‘Yersinia pestis and the Plague of Justinian 541–543 AD: A Genomic Analysis’, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 14, Issue 4, April 2014.

  Waldron, Tony, Palaeopathology. New York, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

  Waller, John, The Discovery of the Germ. Duxford: Icon Books, 2002.

  _____ , A Time to Dance, A Time to Die: The Extraordinary Story of the Dancing Plague of 1518. Thriplow: Icon Books, 2008.

  Wallis, Faith (ed.), Medieval Medicine: A Reader. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.

  Ward, Ned, The London Spy (1709). Paul Hyland, ed. East Lansing, MI: Colleagues Press, 1993.

  Wasik, Bill and Murphy, Monica, Rabid: A Cultural History of the World’s Most Diabolical Virus. New York: Penguin, 2013.

  Watts, Sheldon, Epidemics and History: Disease, Power, and Imperialism. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1997.

  Weatherall, David, Thalassaemia: The Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

  Webster, Charles (ed.), Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

  Weindling, Paul Julian, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890–1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  Wertz, Richard W & Wertz, Dorothy C, Lying-in: A History of Childbirth in America. Yale University Press, 1989.

  Williams, Gareth, The Angel of Death: The Story of Smallpox. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

  _____ , Paralysed with Fear: The Story of Polio. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

  Willman, David, The Mirage Man: Bruce Ivins, the Anthrax Attacks, and America’s Rush to War. London: Bantam, 2011.

  Wills, Christopher, Plagues: Their Origin, History and Future. London: HarperCollins, 1996.

  Wolfe, Nathan D, The Viral Storm: The Dawn of a New Pandemic Age. London: Penguin, 2012.

  WHO/International Study Team, ‘Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever in Sudan, 1976’. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, issue 56, 1978.

  Wright, Thomas, Circulation: William Harvey’s Revolutionary Idea. London: Chatto & Windus, 2012.

  Yaron, Reuven, The Laws of Eshnunna. Leiden: Brill, 1988.

  Ziegler, Philip, The Black Death. London: Collins, 1969. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

  Zinsser, Hans, Rats, Lice and History. Boston: Little, Brown, 1935. London: Penguin Books, 2000.

  Živanović, Srboljub, Ancient Diseases: The Elements of Palaeopathology. (Translated by Lovett F Edwards) London: Methuen, 1982.

  Index

  Abraham, Thomas, 241, 242, 269, 270, 288

  AIDS, 198, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 224, 230, 236, 265, 266, 271, 277, 281, 285, 297, 298, 305, 306

  Allen, Arthur, 191, 264, 288, 289, 298

  amebiasis, 200, 271

  anaemia, 20, 38, 105, 106, 107, 120, 223, 273, 283, 284

  Andry, Nicolas, 163

  anthrax, 25, 54, 99, 160, 165, 166, 167, 169, 176, 188, 237, 240, 241, 270, 271, 296, 298, 308

  anthroponosis, 137

  antibiotics, 12, 15, 193, 224, 233, 238, 239, 242, 269, 279

  Antonine, Plague of, 14, 54, 55, 56, 57, 152, 180, 250, 279, 284, 300

  arthritis, 20, 22, 26, 68, 78, 79, 238, 271, 279

  Asclepia, 44, 272

  Asclepius, 43, 44, 45, 272, 296, 301

  Athens, Plague of, 14, 41, 42, 43, 50, 59, 74, 101

  avian flu (bird flu/H5N1), 31, 174, 189, 234, 235, 241, 269, 272, 288, 293, 302, 306

  AZT, (azidothymidine), 204

  bacillus, 59, 60, 89, 95, 137, 143, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169

  bacteria, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 30, 59, 105, 110, 119, 148, 165, 167, 181, 191, 193, 200, 213, 231, 237, 239, 279, 282, 284, 285

  bacteriology, 162, 168

  Balmis, Francisco Javier de, 136

  Banting, Frederick, 213

  Bartholin, Thomas, 119

  Bassi, Agostino, 164, 167

  Bazalgette, Sir Joseph, 149, 296

  Bede, the Venerable, 57, 69, 71, 72, 251, 252, 289

  Bedlam (Bethlem Royal Hospital), 122, 123, 124, 125, 186, 257, 258, 291

  bejel, 110, 114

  beriberi, 48, 49, 272

  Best, Charles, 213

  Biddiss, Michael, 72, 235, 252, 261, 262, 291

  Bignami, Amico, 173, 174

  bilharzia, 283

  biological weapon, 240, 271

  bird flu, 189, 234, 272

  Black Death, 4, 11, 12, 48, 61, 72, 83, 84, 89, 90, 91, 94, 97, 98, 99, 104, 131, 145, 152, 170, 182, 190, 200, 233, 240, 254, 281, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 302, 307, 309

  black vomit (el vomito negro), 127, 129, 277, 287

  Blaser, Martin J, 239, 269, 290

  Boylston, Zabdiel, 135

  Bradley, Richard, 163

  bronchitis, 49, 272

  BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease), 231, 272

  bubonic, 12, 31, 43, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 98, 280, 281, 286

  Budd, William, 148, 149, 158

  Bynum, Helen, 141, 142, 246, 260, 290

  Cameron, ML, 69, 70, 71, 251, 252, 262, 291

  cancer, 15, 38, 39, 119, 199, 200, 202, 209, 215, 216, 217, 218, 239, 268, 273, 302

  cardiovascular disease, 209

  cardiovascular system, 39, 76, 111, 272

  Carrión’s disease, 107, 273

  Cartwright, Frederick F, 72, 235, 252, 261, 262, 291

  Casals, Jordi, 222, 223, 225

  cattle plague, 147, 273, 282

  cell theory, 216

  Celsus, 53, 114, 118

  Center for Disease Control (CDC), 199, 200, 204, 222, 225, 227, 238, 301

  Chadwick, Edwin, 156, 162

  Chagas’ disease, 107, 273

  chemotherapy, 217

  chicken pox, 25, 273

  cholera, 15, 19, 46, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168, 171, 173, 187, 188, 194, 195, 198, 200, 213, 235, 236, 273, 293, 294, 296, 297, 300

  Conrad, Lawrence, 178, 292

  consumption, 46, 119, 136, 137, 141, 143, 209, 210, 277

  Cox, Margaret, 77, 79, 253, 254, 256, 305

  Crawford, Dorothy, 19, 21, 22, 132, 186, 244, 245, 259, 260, 264, 265, 266, 292

  Creighton, Charles, 72, 74, 75, 252, 259, 264, 292, 297

  Crosby, Alfred W, 26, 187, 292

  Cullen, William, 212

  cyanobacteria, 17

  Cyprian, Plague of, 14, 56, 57, 58, 101, 279, 303

  Davaine, Casimir-Joseph, 166

  Davies, Sally, 238, 239, 242, 261, 270, 292

  Davis, Mike, 176, 178, 263, 293

  DDT (dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroethane), 192, 193

  dengue fever, 132, 231, 274, 280

  diabetes, 20, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 239, 274, 277, 280, 291, 307

  diarrhoea, 42, 46, 52, 55, 56, 60, 145, 147, 151, 165, 190, 200, 219, 223, 224, 271, 275, 280, 283

  diphtheria, 19, 105, 168, 169, 236, 274

  disease burden, 22, 23, 24, 33

  Dobson, Mary, 186, 209, 210, 212, 259, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 269, 293

  dracunculiasis, 31, 41, 274

  Dritz, Selma, 199, 200

  dropsy, 51, 275

  Duvenhage, 272

  dysentery, 26, 52, 53, 68, 75, 106, 119, 145, 147, 158, 183, 200, 271, 275, 284

  Ebola, 13, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 272, 275, 277, 283, 291, 304, 309

  Ehrlich, Paul, 167, 217

  el vomito negro (black vomit), 128, 287

  elephantiasis, 54, 108, 173, 275

  encephalitis, 1
32, 231, 236, 275

  Engels, Friedrich, 157

  English Sweate, 115, 117, 275

  epidemiology, 116, 162

  epilepsy, 36, 46, 54, 58, 119, 125, 126, 142, 168, 275, 307

  ergotism (St Anthony’s Fire), 75, 76, 77, 253, 262, 276, 287

  erysipelas, 165, 276

  fatal familial insomnia, 231, 276

  Fleck, Ludwik, 192

  Fleming, Alexander, 193, 194, 237, 290

  flu, 171, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 205, 219, 231, 232, 234, 235, 241, 272, 277, 280

  Fracastoro, Girolamo (Fracastorius), 109, 111, 112, 113, 163, 252

  Galen, 44, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 70, 96, 114, 118, 126, 142, 163, 215, 217, 275, 300, 306

  Garrett, Laurie, 194, 222, 224, 265, 266, 268, 295

  gastrointestinal disease, 37, 46, 52, 54, 165

  Gerhard, William Wood, 148, 149

  germ theory, 14, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 180, 271

  Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, 231, 276

  Gilman, Sander L, 214, 215, 267, 295

  Gorgas, William Crawford, 132, 175, 176

  Gout, 276, 304

  Grassi, Giovanni Battista, 174

  Graunt, John, 119, 120, 277

  H1N1 (bird flu), 188, 234

  H2N2 (Asian flu), 234

  HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy), 206

  haemorrhagic fever, 220, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 283

  Haffkine, Waldemar, 161, 162, 170, 179

  Halfdead disease, 277

  Harrison, Mark, 171, 258, 262, 296

  Harvey, William, 118, 309

  heart attack, 119, 209, 277

  heart disease, 110, 209, 210, 211, 214, 218, 277, 280

  Hecker, Justus, 116, 117, 257, 275, 297

  hemiplegia, 69, 277

  Hendra, 230, 272

  hepatitis, 54, 106, 200, 201, 220, 236, 277

  Hewlett, Barry, 228

  Hippocrates (and Hippocratic), 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 70, 94, 96, 101, 114, 118, 126, 137, 140, 142, 164, 186, 215, 242, 243, 271, 275, 300, 303

  Hirsch, August, 76, 101, 140, 144, 210, 259, 260, 297

  HIV, 198, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 217, 226, 230, 236, 277, 284, 292, 298, 304

  Hodgkin, Thomas, 216

  Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 164

  Honigsbaum, Mark, 182, 189, 263, 264, 297

  Hooke, Robert, 119, 163

  Hudson, Robert P, 14, 244

  humours and humoural theory, 46, 47, 50, 59, 82, 107, 118, 123, 124, 126, 141, 142, 215, 216, 242, 244